feat: 升级心跳数据库为高吞吐日分区模型（v2）

- 新增 heartbeat 数据库与表结构文档，描述心跳明细表设计及字段约束。
- 新增 OpenSpec 符合性说明文档，指出与规范的一致点及偏差。
- 新增 Kafka 心跳数据推送说明文档，定义消息格式与推送方式。
- 更新数据库创建脚本，支持 UTF-8 编码与中文排序规则。
- 更新心跳表结构脚本，定义主表及索引，采用 ts_ms 日分区。
- 实现自动分区机制，确保按天创建分区以支持高吞吐写入。
- 添加数据库应用脚本，自动执行 SQL 文件并验证表结构。
- 添加运行时烟雾测试脚本，验证数据库连接与基本操作。
- 添加完整的烟雾测试脚本，验证数据插入与分区创建。

scripts/db/apply.js

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { Client } from 'pg';
+
+import config from '../../src/config/config.js';
+
+const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const __dirname = path.dirname(__filename);
+
+function getEnv(name, fallback) {
+  return process.env[name] ?? fallback;
+}
+
+function buildClientConfig(database) {
+  const db = config.db;
+  return {
+    host: getEnv('PGHOST', db.host),
+    port: Number(getEnv('PGPORT', db.port)),
+    user: getEnv('PGUSER', db.user),
+    password: getEnv('PGPASSWORD', db.password),
+    database,
+  };
+}
+
+async function runSqlFile(client, filePath) {
+  const sql = await fs.readFile(filePath, 'utf8');
+  const trimmed = sql.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) return;
+  await client.query(sql);
+}
+
+async function main() {
+  const scriptsDir = __dirname;
+
+  const schemaFile = path.join(scriptsDir, '010_heartbeat_schema.sql');
+  const partitionFile = path.join(scriptsDir, '020_partitioning_auto_daily.sql');
+
+  const targetDb = getEnv('PGTARGETDB', config.db.database);
+
+  console.log(`[db] Connecting to target db: ${targetDb}`);
+  const targetClient = new Client(buildClientConfig(targetDb));
+  await targetClient.connect();
+
+  try {
+    const dbMeta = await targetClient.query(
+      `SELECT
+         current_database() AS db,
+         pg_encoding_to_char(encoding) AS encoding,
+         datcollate,
+         datctype,
+         datlocprovider
+       FROM pg_database
+       WHERE datname = current_database()`
+    );
+    if (dbMeta.rowCount === 1) {
+      const m = dbMeta.rows[0];
+      console.log(
+        `[db] ${m.db} meta: encoding=${m.encoding} collate=${m.datcollate} ctype=${m.datctype} provider=${m.datlocprovider}`
+      );
+      if (String(m.encoding).toUpperCase() !== 'UTF8') {
+        console.warn(`[db] WARN: ${m.db} encoding is not UTF8`);
+      }
+      const coll = String(m.datcollate ?? '').toLowerCase();
+      if (coll && !coll.includes('zh') && !coll.includes('chinese')) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[db] WARN: ${m.db} collation is not obviously Chinese; if required, use ICU collation per-column or rebuild DB with zh locale`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    console.log(`[db] Applying: ${path.basename(schemaFile)}`);
+    await runSqlFile(targetClient, schemaFile);
+
+    console.log(`[db] Applying: ${path.basename(partitionFile)}`);
+    await runSqlFile(targetClient, partitionFile);
+
+    const tableCheck = await targetClient.query(
+      "SELECT to_regclass('heartbeat.heartbeat_events') AS reg"
+    );
+    if (!tableCheck.rows?.[0]?.reg) {
+      throw new Error('heartbeat.heartbeat_events was not created');
+    }
+
+    const indexCheck = await targetClient.query(
+      `SELECT indexname
+       FROM pg_indexes
+       WHERE schemaname = 'heartbeat'
+         AND tablename = 'heartbeat_events'
+       ORDER BY indexname`
+    );
+
+    console.log('[db] Parent table indexes:');
+    for (const row of indexCheck.rows) {
+      console.log(`  - ${row.indexname}`);
+    }
+
+    console.log('[db] Done');
+  } finally {
+    await targetClient.end();
+  }
+}
+
+main().catch((err) => {
+  console.error('[db] Failed:', err);
+  process.exit(1);
+});