feat: 增加批量处理和数据库离线恢复机制以提升可靠性

- 新增 BatchProcessor 类实现消息批量插入，提高数据库写入性能
- 在 consumer 中禁用 autoCommit 并实现手动提交，确保数据一致性
- 添加数据库健康检查机制，在数据库离线时暂停消费并自动恢复
- 支持 0x0E 命令字处理，扩展消息类型识别范围
- 增加数据库连接重试逻辑，解决 Windows 环境端口冲突问题
- 更新环境变量配置，优化 Kafka 消费者参数
- 添加相关单元测试验证批量处理和可靠性功能

bls-rcu-action-backend/.env.example

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ NODE_ENV=development
 KAFKA_BROKERS=localhost:9092
 KAFKA_TOPIC=my-topic-name
 KAFKA_GROUP_ID=my-group-id
-KAFKA_CLIENT_ID=my-client-id
+KAFKA_CLIENT_ID=bls-rcu-action-client
+KAFKA_AUTO_COMMIT=false
+KAFKA_AUTO_COMMIT_INTERVAL_MS=5000
 KAFKA_CONSUMER_INSTANCES=1
 # KAFKA_SASL_USERNAME=
 # KAFKA_SASL_PASSWORD=

bls-rcu-action-backend/src/config/config.js

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export const config = {
     groupId: process.env.KAFKA_GROUP_ID || 'bls-rcu-action-group',
     clientId: process.env.KAFKA_CLIENT_ID || 'bls-rcu-action-client',
     consumerInstances: parseNumber(process.env.KAFKA_CONSUMER_INSTANCES, 1),
-    maxInFlight: parseNumber(process.env.KAFKA_MAX_IN_FLIGHT, 50),
+    maxInFlight: parseNumber(process.env.KAFKA_MAX_IN_FLIGHT, 500),
     fetchMaxBytes: parseNumber(process.env.KAFKA_FETCH_MAX_BYTES, 10 * 1024 * 1024),
     fetchMinBytes: parseNumber(process.env.KAFKA_FETCH_MIN_BYTES, 1),
     fetchMaxWaitMs: parseNumber(process.env.KAFKA_FETCH_MAX_WAIT_MS, 100),

bls-rcu-action-backend/src/db/batchProcessor.js

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+export class BatchProcessor {
+  constructor(dbManager, config, options = {}) {
+    this.dbManager = dbManager;
+    this.config = config;
+    this.batchSize = options.batchSize || 500;
+    this.flushInterval = options.flushInterval || 1000;
+    this.buffer = [];
+    this.timer = null;
+  }
+
+  add(item) {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      this.buffer.push({ ...item, resolve, reject });
+      if (this.buffer.length >= this.batchSize) {
+        this.flush();
+      } else if (!this.timer) {
+        this.timer = setTimeout(() => this.flush(), this.flushInterval);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  async flush() {
+    if (this.buffer.length === 0) return;
+
+    if (this.timer) {
+      clearTimeout(this.timer);
+      this.timer = null;
+    }
+
+    const currentBatch = [...this.buffer];
+    this.buffer = [];
+
+    const allRows = currentBatch.flatMap(item => item.rows);
+
+    if (allRows.length === 0) {
+      // No rows to insert (e.g. empty messages), just resolve
+      currentBatch.forEach(item => item.resolve(0));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      await this.dbManager.insertRows({ 
+        schema: this.config.db.schema, 
+        table: this.config.db.table, 
+        rows: allRows 
+      });
+      
+      // Resolve each item with its own row count
+      currentBatch.forEach(item => item.resolve(item.rows.length));
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Enrich error with DB context if possible (using first item as sample)
+      error.type = 'DB_ERROR';
+      const sample = allRows[0];
+      error.dbContext = {
+        batchSize: currentBatch.length,
+        totalRows: allRows.length,
+        sampleRow: sample ? {
+          guid: sample.guid,
+          ts_ms: sample.ts_ms,
+          action_type: sample.action_type,
+          cmd_word: sample.cmd_word
+        } : null
+      };
+      
+      // Reject all items in the batch
+      currentBatch.forEach(item => item.reject(error));
+    }
+  }
+}

bls-rcu-action-backend/src/db/databaseManager.js

@@ -72,6 +72,15 @@ export class DatabaseManager {
     }
   }
 
+  async testConnection() {
+    try {
+      await this.pool.query('SELECT 1');
+      return true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
   async close() {
     await this.pool.end();
   }

bls-rcu-action-backend/src/db/initializer.js

@@ -40,9 +40,25 @@ class DatabaseInitializer {
       ssl: ssl ? { rejectUnauthorized: false } : false
     });
 
+    const maxRetries = 5;
+    let retryCount = 0;
+
+    while (retryCount < maxRetries) {
+      try {
+        await client.connect();
+        break;
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err.code === 'EADDRINUSE') {
+          retryCount++;
+          logger.warn(`Port conflict (EADDRINUSE) connecting to database, retrying (${retryCount}/${maxRetries})...`);
+          await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
+        } else {
+          throw err;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     try {
-      await client.connect();
-      
       const checkRes = await client.query(
         `SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname = $1`,
         [database]

bls-rcu-action-backend/src/index.js

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { RedisIntegration } from './redis/redisIntegration.js';
 import { buildErrorQueueKey, enqueueError, startErrorRetryWorker } from './redis/errorQueue.js';
 import { MetricCollector } from './utils/metricCollector.js';
 import { logger } from './utils/logger.js';
+import { BatchProcessor } from './db/batchProcessor.js';
 
 const bootstrap = async () => {
   // 0. Initialize Database (Create DB, Schema, Table, Partitions)
@@ -72,6 +73,10 @@ const bootstrap = async () => {
 
   const errorQueueKey = buildErrorQueueKey(config.redis.projectName);
 
+  const batchProcessor = new BatchProcessor(dbManager, config, {
+    batchSize: config.kafka.maxInFlight
+  });
+
   const handleMessage = async (message) => {
     if (message.topic) {
       metricCollector.increment('kafka_pulled');
@@ -100,7 +105,8 @@ const bootstrap = async () => {
           valueLength: typeof messageValue === 'string' ? messageValue.length : null
         });
       }
-      const inserted = await processKafkaMessage({ message, dbManager, config });
+      const rows = await processKafkaMessage({ message });
+      const inserted = await batchProcessor.add({ rows });
       metricCollector.increment('db_inserted');
       logger.info('Kafka message processed', { inserted });
     } catch (error) {
@@ -157,10 +163,24 @@ const bootstrap = async () => {
     }
   };
 
+  const healthCheck = {
+    shouldPause: async (error) => {
+      if (error?.type === 'DB_ERROR') {
+        const isConnected = await dbManager.testConnection();
+        return !isConnected;
+      }
+      return false;
+    },
+    check: async () => {
+      return await dbManager.testConnection();
+    }
+  };
+
   const consumers = createKafkaConsumers({
     kafkaConfig: config.kafka,
     onMessage: handleMessage,
-    onError: handleError
+    onError: handleError,
+    healthCheck
   });
 
   // Start retry worker (non-blocking)

bls-rcu-action-backend/src/kafka/consumer.js

@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ import { logger } from '../utils/logger.js';
 
 const { ConsumerGroup } = kafka;
 
-const createOneConsumer = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, instanceIndex }) => {
+const createOneConsumer = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, instanceIndex, healthCheck }) => {
   const kafkaHost = kafkaConfig.brokers.join(',');
   const clientId = instanceIndex === 0 ? kafkaConfig.clientId : `${kafkaConfig.clientId}-${instanceIndex}`;
   const id = `${clientId}-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}`;
   const maxInFlight = Number.isFinite(kafkaConfig.maxInFlight) ? kafkaConfig.maxInFlight : 50;
   let inFlight = 0;
+  let isPausedForHealth = false;
 
   const consumer = new ConsumerGroup(
     {
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ const createOneConsumer = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, instanceIndex }) =
       fromOffset: 'earliest',
       protocol: ['roundrobin'],
       outOfRangeOffset: 'latest',
-      autoCommit: true,
+      autoCommit: false,
       autoCommitIntervalMs: kafkaConfig.autoCommitIntervalMs,
       fetchMaxBytes: kafkaConfig.fetchMaxBytes,
       fetchMinBytes: kafkaConfig.fetchMinBytes,
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ const createOneConsumer = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, instanceIndex }) =
   );
 
   const tryResume = () => {
-    if (inFlight < maxInFlight) {
+    if (!isPausedForHealth && inFlight < maxInFlight) {
       consumer.resume();
     }
   };
@@ -40,9 +41,48 @@ const createOneConsumer = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, instanceIndex }) =
     if (inFlight >= maxInFlight) {
       consumer.pause();
     }
-    Promise.resolve(onMessage(message))
-      .catch((error) => {
+    return Promise.resolve(onMessage(message))
+      .then(() => {
+        consumer.commit((err) => {
+          if (err) {
+            logger.error('Kafka commit failed', { error: err.message });
+          }
+        });
+      })
+      .catch(async (error) => {
         logger.error('Kafka message handling failed', { error: error?.message });
+
+        let shouldCommit = true;
+
+        if (!isPausedForHealth && healthCheck && await healthCheck.shouldPause(error)) {
+          shouldCommit = false;
+          isPausedForHealth = true;
+          consumer.pause();
+          logger.warn('Pausing consumer due to dependency failure. Entering recovery mode...');
+
+          const checkInterval = setInterval(async () => {
+            try {
+              const isHealthy = await healthCheck.check();
+              if (isHealthy) {
+                clearInterval(checkInterval);
+                isPausedForHealth = false;
+                consumer.resume();
+                logger.info('Dependency recovered. Resuming consumer.');
+              }
+            } catch (err) {
+              logger.error('Health check failed', { error: err.message });
+            }
+          }, 60000);
+        }
+
+        if (shouldCommit) {
+          consumer.commit((err) => {
+            if (err) {
+              logger.error('Kafka commit failed (error case)', { error: err.message });
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
         if (onError) {
           onError(error, message);
         }
@@ -63,13 +103,13 @@ const createOneConsumer = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, instanceIndex }) =
   return consumer;
 };
 
-export const createKafkaConsumers = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError }) => {
+export const createKafkaConsumers = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, healthCheck }) => {
   const instances = Number.isFinite(kafkaConfig.consumerInstances) ? kafkaConfig.consumerInstances : 1;
   const count = Math.max(1, instances);
   return Array.from({ length: count }, (_, idx) =>
-    createOneConsumer({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, instanceIndex: idx })
+    createOneConsumer({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, instanceIndex: idx, healthCheck })
   );
 };
 
-export const createKafkaConsumer = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError }) =>
-  createKafkaConsumers({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError })[0];
+export const createKafkaConsumer = ({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, healthCheck }) =>
+  createKafkaConsumers({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, healthCheck })[0];

bls-rcu-action-backend/src/processor/index.js

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const normalizeCmdWord = (value) => {
 };
 
 const resolveMessageType = (direction, cmdWord) => {
-  if (cmdWord === '0x36') {
+  if (cmdWord === '0x36' || cmdWord === '0x0e') {
     return '36上报';
   }
   if (cmdWord === '0x0f' && direction === '下发') {
@@ -375,11 +375,12 @@ export const buildRowsFromPayload = (rawPayload) => {
   return rows;
 };
 
-export const processKafkaMessage = async ({ message, dbManager, config }) => {
+export const processKafkaMessage = async ({ message }) => {
   let rows;
   try {
     const payload = parseKafkaPayload(message.value);
     rows = buildRowsFromPayload(payload);
+    return rows;
   } catch (error) {
     error.type = 'PARSE_ERROR';
     const rawValue = Buffer.isBuffer(message.value)
@@ -391,27 +392,4 @@ export const processKafkaMessage = async ({ message, dbManager, config }) => {
     }
     throw error;
   }
-
-  try {
-    await dbManager.insertRows({ schema: config.db.schema, table: config.db.table, rows });
-  } catch (error) {
-    error.type = 'DB_ERROR';
-    const sample = rows?.[0];
-    error.dbContext = {
-      rowsLength: rows?.length || 0,
-      sampleRow: sample
-        ? {
-            guid: sample.guid,
-            ts_ms: sample.ts_ms,
-            action_type: sample.action_type,
-            cmd_word: sample.cmd_word,
-            direction: sample.direction,
-            device_id: sample.device_id
-          }
-        : null
-    };
-    throw error;
-  }
-
-  return rows.length;
 };

bls-rcu-action-backend/src/utils/logger.js

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ export const logger = {
   info(message, context) {
     process.stdout.write(`${format('info', message, context)}\n`);
   },
+  warn(message, context) {
+    process.stdout.write(`${format('warn', message, context)}\n`);
+  },
   error(message, context) {
     process.stderr.write(`${format('error', message, context)}\n`);
   }

bls-rcu-action-backend/tests/batch_processor.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { BatchProcessor } from '../src/db/batchProcessor.js';
+
+describe('BatchProcessor', () => {
+  let dbManager;
+  let config;
+  let batchProcessor;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    dbManager = {
+      insertRows: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true)
+    };
+    config = {
+      db: { schema: 'test_schema', table: 'test_table' }
+    };
+    batchProcessor = new BatchProcessor(dbManager, config, { batchSize: 3, flushInterval: 1000 });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  it('should buffer items and not flush until batch size is reached', async () => {
+    const p1 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r1'] });
+    const p2 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r2'] });
+
+    expect(dbManager.insertRows).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    const p3 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r3'] });
+    
+    // Wait for microtasks
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    
+    expect(dbManager.insertRows).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(dbManager.insertRows).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      schema: 'test_schema',
+      table: 'test_table',
+      rows: ['r1', 'r2', 'r3']
+    });
+
+    await expect(p1).resolves.toBe(1);
+    await expect(p2).resolves.toBe(1);
+    await expect(p3).resolves.toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should flush when timer expires', async () => {
+    const p1 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r1'] });
+
+    expect(dbManager.insertRows).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
+    
+    // Wait for microtasks
+    await Promise.resolve();
+
+    expect(dbManager.insertRows).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(dbManager.insertRows).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      schema: 'test_schema',
+      table: 'test_table',
+      rows: ['r1']
+    });
+
+    await expect(p1).resolves.toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle db error and reject all pending promises', async () => {
+    dbManager.insertRows.mockRejectedValue(new Error('DB Fail'));
+
+    const p1 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r1'] });
+    const p2 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r2'] });
+    const p3 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r3'] }); // Triggers flush
+
+    await expect(p1).rejects.toThrow('DB Fail');
+    await expect(p2).rejects.toThrow('DB Fail');
+    await expect(p3).rejects.toThrow('DB Fail');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle mixed batch sizes', async () => {
+    // 3 items with different row counts
+    const p1 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r1', 'r2'] });
+    const p2 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: [] }); // Empty rows
+    const p3 = batchProcessor.add({ rows: ['r3'] });
+
+    await Promise.resolve();
+
+    expect(dbManager.insertRows).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      schema: 'test_schema',
+      table: 'test_table',
+      rows: ['r1', 'r2', 'r3']
+    });
+
+    await expect(p1).resolves.toBe(2);
+    await expect(p2).resolves.toBe(0);
+    await expect(p3).resolves.toBe(1);
+  });
+});

bls-rcu-action-backend/tests/consumer_reliability.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { createKafkaConsumers } from '../src/kafka/consumer.js';
+import kafka from 'kafka-node';
+
+// Mock kafka-node
+vi.mock('kafka-node', () => {
+  return {
+    ConsumerGroup: vi.fn(),
+    default: { ConsumerGroup: vi.fn() }
+  };
+});
+
+describe('Consumer Reliability', () => {
+  let mockConsumer;
+  let onMessage;
+  let onError;
+  let healthCheck;
+  
+  const kafkaConfig = {
+    brokers: ['localhost:9092'],
+    groupId: 'test-group',
+    clientId: 'test-client',
+    topic: 'test-topic',
+    autoCommitIntervalMs: 5000
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    
+    mockConsumer = {
+      on: vi.fn(),
+      commit: vi.fn(),
+      pause: vi.fn(),
+      resume: vi.fn(),
+      close: vi.fn()
+    };
+    
+    kafka.ConsumerGroup.mockImplementation(function() {
+      return mockConsumer;
+    });
+    
+    onMessage = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true);
+    onError = vi.fn();
+    healthCheck = {
+      shouldPause: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(false),
+      check: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(true)
+    };
+  });
+
+  it('should initialize with autoCommit: false', () => {
+    createKafkaConsumers({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError });
+    expect(kafka.ConsumerGroup).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({ autoCommit: false }),
+      expect.anything()
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should commit offset after successful message processing', async () => {
+    createKafkaConsumers({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError });
+    
+    // Simulate 'message' event
+    const message = { value: 'test' };
+    const messageHandler = mockConsumer.on.mock.calls.find(call => call[0] === 'message')[1];
+    
+    await messageHandler(message);
+    
+    expect(onMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(message);
+    expect(mockConsumer.commit).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should NOT commit if processing fails and health check says pause', async () => {
+    onMessage.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Fail'));
+    healthCheck.shouldPause.mockResolvedValue(true);
+    createKafkaConsumers({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, healthCheck });
+    
+    const messageHandler = mockConsumer.on.mock.calls.find(call => call[0] === 'message')[1];
+    await messageHandler({ value: 'test' });
+    
+    expect(mockConsumer.commit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should commit if processing fails but health check says continue (Data Error)', async () => {
+    onMessage.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Data Error'));
+    healthCheck.shouldPause.mockResolvedValue(false); // Do not pause, it's just bad data
+    
+    createKafkaConsumers({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, healthCheck });
+    
+    const messageHandler = mockConsumer.on.mock.calls.find(call => call[0] === 'message')[1];
+    await messageHandler({ value: 'bad_data' });
+    
+    expect(mockConsumer.commit).toHaveBeenCalled(); // Should commit to move past bad data
+    expect(onError).toHaveBeenCalled(); // Should still report error
+  });
+
+  it('should pause and enter recovery mode if healthCheck.shouldPause returns true', async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    
+    onMessage.mockRejectedValue(new Error('DB Error'));
+    healthCheck.shouldPause.mockResolvedValue(true);
+    healthCheck.check.mockResolvedValueOnce(false).mockResolvedValueOnce(true); // Fail once, then succeed
+
+    createKafkaConsumers({ kafkaConfig, onMessage, onError, healthCheck });
+    const messageHandler = mockConsumer.on.mock.calls.find(call => call[0] === 'message')[1];
+    
+    // Trigger error
+    await messageHandler({ value: 'fail' });
+
+    expect(mockConsumer.pause).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(healthCheck.shouldPause).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    
+    // Fast-forward time for interval check (1st check - fails)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60000); 
+    expect(healthCheck.check).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mockConsumer.resume).not.toHaveBeenCalled(); 
+
+    // Fast-forward time for interval check (2nd check - succeeds)
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(60000); 
+    expect(healthCheck.check).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(mockConsumer.resume).toHaveBeenCalled();
+
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+});

bls-rcu-action-backend/tests/processor.test.js

@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
-import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { buildRowsFromPayload } from '../src/processor/index.js';
 import projectMetadata from '../src/cache/projectMetadata.js';
 
+// Mock config to ensure loop name generation is enabled
+vi.mock('../src/config/config.js', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = await importOriginal();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    config: {
+      ...actual.config,
+      enableLoopNameAutoGeneration: true,
+    },
+  };
+});
+
 describe('Processor Logic', () => {
   const basePayload = {
     ts_ms: 1700000000000,
@@ -227,3 +239,58 @@ describe('Processor Logic', () => {
     expect(rows[1].loop_name).toBe('[1强电继电器（输出状态）-10-2]');
   });
 });
+
+describe('Processor Logic - 0x0E Support', () => {
+  const basePayload = {
+    ts_ms: 1700000000000,
+    hotel_id: 1001,
+    room_id: '8001',
+    device_id: 'dev_001',
+    direction: '上报',
+    cmd_word: '0x0E',
+    frame_id: 1,
+    udp_raw: 'AA552000543353413610CD63088151000000000000000001180003000114005ECB',
+    sys_lock_status: 0,
+    report_count: 0,
+    fault_count: 0
+  };
+
+  it('should handle 0x0E Status Report with device list (same as 0x36)', () => {
+    const payload = {
+      ...basePayload,
+      direction: '上报',
+      cmd_word: '0x0E',
+      report_count: 2,
+      device_list: [
+        { dev_type: 1, dev_addr: 10, dev_loop: 1, dev_data: 100 },
+        { dev_type: 1, dev_addr: 11, dev_loop: 2, dev_data: 0 }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    const rows = buildRowsFromPayload(payload);
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(rows[0].action_type).toBe('设备回路状态');
+    expect(rows[0].dev_addr).toBe(10);
+    expect(rows[0].cmd_word).toBe('0x0e'); // Normalized
+    expect(rows[1].dev_addr).toBe(11);
+    expect(rows[0].details.device_list).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle 0x0E Fault Report', () => {
+    const payload = {
+      ...basePayload,
+      direction: '上报',
+      cmd_word: '0x0E',
+      fault_count: 1,
+      fault_list: [
+        { dev_type: 1, dev_addr: 10, dev_loop: 1, error_type: 2, error_data: 5 }
+      ]
+    };
+
+    const rows = buildRowsFromPayload(payload);
+    expect(rows).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(rows[0].action_type).toBe('设备回路状态');
+    expect(rows[0].error_type).toBe(2);
+    expect(rows[0].cmd_word).toBe('0x0e');
+  });
+});