327 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
327 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
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# UDP数据推送与Redis缓存方案
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## 1. 需求分析
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当UDP数据到达时，需要将数据推送到一些外部接口，但这些接口所需的数据（如房间号）在UDP数据中并不包含，而是存储在数据库中。为了减少数据库查询开销，提高推送效率，需要：
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1. 定期从数据库获取必要信息并更新到Redis
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2. UDP数据到达时，从Redis快速获取所需信息
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3. 实现高效的数据推送机制
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## 2. 解决方案设计
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### 2.1 定时任务设计
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创建一个定时任务，定期从ApiController获取主机信息并更新到Redis：
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```csharp
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public class HostInfoSyncJob : IJob
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{
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public void Execute()
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{
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try
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{
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// 创建HttpClient实例
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using (var client = new HttpClient())
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{
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client.BaseAddress = new Uri(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["CurrentUrl"]);
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client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
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client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
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// 调用API获取所有主机信息
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var response = client.GetAsync("api/GetAllHostInfo").Result;
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if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
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{
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var hostInfos = response.Content.ReadAsAsync<List<HostInfoDto>>().Result;
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// 更新Redis缓存
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foreach (var hostInfo in hostInfos)
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{
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// 缓存主机基本信息
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string hostInfoKey = CacheKey.HostInfo_Key_HostNumber + "_" + hostInfo.HostNumber;
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CSRedisCacheHelper.Forever<HostInfoDto>(hostInfoKey, hostInfo);
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// 缓存主机号到房间号的映射
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string hostToRoomKey = CacheKey.HostToRoom_Mapping + "_" + hostInfo.HostNumber;
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CSRedisCacheHelper.Forever<string>(hostToRoomKey, hostInfo.RoomNumber);
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// 缓存房间号到主机号的映射
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string roomToHostKey = CacheKey.RoomToHost_Mapping + "_" + hostInfo.RoomNumber;
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CSRedisCacheHelper.Forever<string>(roomToHostKey, hostInfo.HostNumber);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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log4net.LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(HostInfoSyncJob)).Error("同步主机信息到Redis失败: " + ex.Message);
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 2.2 ApiController扩展
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在ApiController中添加获取所有主机信息的接口：
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```csharp
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/// <summary>
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/// 获取所有主机信息，用于定时同步到Redis
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/// </summary>
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/// <returns></returns>
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public ActionResult GetAllHostInfo()
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{
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try
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{
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List<HostInfoDto> hostInfos = new List<HostInfoDto>();
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// 获取所有酒店
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var hotels = SysHotelManager.LoadAll();
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foreach (var hotel in hotels)
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{
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// 获取酒店下所有主机
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var hosts = HostManager.LoadAll(hotel.ID);
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foreach (var host in hosts)
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{
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HostInfoDto dto = new HostInfoDto
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{
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HostNumber = host.HostNumber,
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RoomNumber = host.RoomNumber,
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HotelID = hotel.ID,
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HotelCode = hotel.Code,
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HotelName = hotel.Name,
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Status = host.Status,
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RoomStatus = host.RoomStatus?.Name,
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MAC = host.MAC
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};
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hostInfos.Add(dto);
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}
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}
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return Json(hostInfos, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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logger.Error("获取所有主机信息失败: " + ex.Message);
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return Json(new List<HostInfoDto>(), JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
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}
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}
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```
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### 2.3 UDP数据处理与推送
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在UDP数据处理模块中，从Redis获取所需信息并推送到外部接口：
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```csharp
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public class UdpDataPusher
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{
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private static readonly string PushApiUrl = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["PushApiUrl"];
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public static void PushUdpData(string hostNumber, string udpData)
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{
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try
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{
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// 从Redis获取主机信息
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string hostInfoKey = CacheKey.HostInfo_Key_HostNumber + "_" + hostNumber;
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var hostInfo = CSRedisCacheHelper.Get<HostInfoDto>(hostInfoKey);
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if (hostInfo == null)
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{
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// 如果Redis中没有，从数据库获取并更新Redis
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hostInfo = GetHostInfoFromDatabase(hostNumber);
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if (hostInfo == null)
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{
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log4net.LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(UdpDataPusher)).Error("无法获取主机信息: " + hostNumber);
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return;
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}
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// 更新到Redis
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CSRedisCacheHelper.Forever<HostInfoDto>(hostInfoKey, hostInfo);
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}
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// 构建推送数据
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PushData pushData = new PushData
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{
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HostNumber = hostNumber,
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RoomNumber = hostInfo.RoomNumber,
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HotelCode = hostInfo.HotelCode,
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HotelName = hostInfo.HotelName,
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UdpData = udpData,
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Timestamp = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff")
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};
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// 推送到外部接口
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SendPushRequest(pushData);
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}
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catch (Exception ex)
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{
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log4net.LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(UdpDataPusher)).Error("推送UDP数据失败: " + ex.Message);
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}
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}
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private static HostInfoDto GetHostInfoFromDatabase(string hostNumber)
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{
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// 创建HttpClient实例
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using (var client = new HttpClient())
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{
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client.BaseAddress = new Uri(System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["CurrentUrl"]);
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client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
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client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
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// 调用API获取主机信息
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var response = client.GetAsync($"api/GetHostInfo?hostNumber={hostNumber}").Result;
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if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
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{
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return response.Content.ReadAsAsync<HostInfoDto>().Result;
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}
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}
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return null;
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}
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private static void SendPushRequest(PushData data)
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{
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using (var client = new HttpClient())
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{
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client.BaseAddress = new Uri(PushApiUrl);
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client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Clear();
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client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
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var content = new StringContent(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(data), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
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var response = client.PostAsync("", content).Result;
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if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
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{
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log4net.LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(UdpDataPusher)).Error("推送失败: " + response.StatusCode);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 2.4 缓存键设计
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在CacheKey类中添加新的缓存键常量：
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```csharp
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public class CacheKey
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{
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// 现有缓存键...
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// 新增缓存键
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public static string HostToRoom_Mapping = "HostToRoom_Mapping";
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public static string RoomToHost_Mapping = "RoomToHost_Mapping";
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public static string HostInfo_Key_HostNumber = "HostInfo_Key_HostNumber";
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}
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```
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### 2.5 数据模型设计
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```csharp
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public class HostInfoDto
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{
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public string HostNumber { get; set; }
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public string RoomNumber { get; set; }
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public int HotelID { get; set; }
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public string HotelCode { get; set; }
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public string HotelName { get; set; }
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public bool Status { get; set; }
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public string RoomStatus { get; set; }
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public string MAC { get; set; }
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}
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public class PushData
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{
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public string HostNumber { get; set; }
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public string RoomNumber { get; set; }
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public string HotelCode { get; set; }
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public string HotelName { get; set; }
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public string UdpData { get; set; }
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public string Timestamp { get; set; }
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}
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```
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### 2.6 定时任务注册
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在Global.asax.cs中注册定时任务：
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```csharp
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protected override void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
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{
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// 现有代码...
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// 注册定时任务
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JobManager.AddJob(
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() => new HostInfoSyncJob().Execute(),
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s => s.ToRunEvery(5).Minutes() // 每5分钟执行一次
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);
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// 现有代码...
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}
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```
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## 3. 性能优化
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### 3.1 缓存策略优化
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1. **缓存过期时间**：对于主机信息，使用永久缓存，只有在定时任务执行时更新
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2. **缓存预热**：系统启动时执行一次全量同步，确保Redis中有初始数据
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3. **增量更新**：定时任务可以只更新发生变化的主机信息，减少网络传输
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### 3.2 并发处理优化
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1. **异步推送**：使用异步方式推送数据，避免阻塞UDP处理线程
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2. **批量处理**：对于短时间内的多个UDP数据，进行批量推送
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3. **连接池**：使用HttpClient连接池，减少连接建立开销
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### 3.3 错误处理优化
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1. **重试机制**：推送失败时进行有限次数的重试
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2. **降级策略**：当Redis不可用时，直接从数据库获取数据
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3. **监控告警**：对推送失败的情况进行监控和告警
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## 4. 部署与配置
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### 4.1 配置文件设置
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在Web.config中添加必要的配置：
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```xml
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<appSettings>
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<!-- 现有配置... -->
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<!-- 推送API配置 -->
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<add key="PushApiUrl" value="http://example.com/api/push" />
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<!-- 定时同步间隔（分钟） -->
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<add key="SyncIntervalMinutes" value="5" />
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</appSettings>
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```
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### 4.2 依赖项
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- Newtonsoft.Json
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- FluentScheduler（用于定时任务）
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- CSRedis（用于Redis操作）
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## 5. 测试方案
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### 5.1 功能测试
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1. **定时同步测试**：验证定时任务是否正常执行，Redis中是否有数据
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2. **UDP数据推送测试**：模拟UDP数据，验证是否能正确获取信息并推送
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3. **边界情况测试**：测试Redis不可用、网络异常等情况
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### 5.2 性能测试
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1. **并发测试**：模拟多个UDP数据同时到达，测试推送性能
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2. **响应时间测试**：测量从UDP数据到达至推送完成的时间
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3. **负载测试**：测试系统在高负载下的稳定性
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## 6. 总结
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本方案通过以下步骤实现了UDP数据的高效推送：
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1. **定时同步**：定期从数据库获取主机信息并更新到Redis
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2. **快速获取**：UDP数据到达时，从Redis快速获取所需信息
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3. **异步推送**：使用异步方式将数据推送到外部接口
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4. **容错处理**：当Redis不可用时，从数据库获取数据作为降级方案
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该方案显著减少了数据库查询开销，提高了UDP数据处理和推送的效率，适用于高并发场景下的实时数据推送需求。
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